what is laser cleaning machine

In recent years, with the improvement of environmental protection requirements and people's awareness of environmental protection, it has also brought new development opportunities to the cleaning industry worldwide. Various cleaning technologies that are conducive to environmental protection have emerged. Laser cleaning technology is one of them.

Compared with traditional mechanical cleaning, chemical corrosion cleaning, high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning and other traditional cleaning methods, laser cleaning has the advantages of high efficiency, quickness, low cost, low thermal load and mechanical load on the workpiece, non-contact and non-damage, and laser The cleaned waste can be recycled to ensure the health and safety of the environment and operators. Laser cleaning removes coatings of varying thicknesses and compositions and even eliminates problems that traditional cleaning methods cannot solve. In addition, the laser cleaning process is easy to implement automatic control and remote control.

The principle of laser cleaning is to use the interaction between the high-energy laser and the surface material of the workpiece to be cleaned. Under the action of high-energy laser, the material to be cleaned is instantaneously vaporized or thermally expanded from the substrate, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning and purifying the workpiece.

The power used for cleaning varies from ten watts to several kilowatts. The choice of specific power depends on the cleaning target. The laser can clean various dirt on the workpiece, such as oil removal, rust removal, paint removal, oxide removal, and various coatings. Among them, laser rust has been a common application. The following describes the case of laser rail derusting.

Rail descaling case

Because the rails are exposed to the air all the year round, and the wind, sun, rain, snow and frost, the surface is easy to rust. In order not to affect the safe operation of the train, rail rust removal is necessary.

In this case, the cleaning effect and cleaning efficiency of the rail rust layer cleaning using two fiber lasers were tested and evaluated experimentally.

(1) Cleaning system configuration

The specific system configuration of this cleaning experiment is shown in Table 1. The experiment will test and evaluate the cleaning effect of IPG's YLPN-100-30*100-10-1000 and YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 fiber lasers on the rail rust layer. The lasers are all operated in pulse mode, equipped with IPG medium power scanning galvanometer , equipped with numerical control platform or manipulator in different scanning methods and process parameters to meet the requirements of different surface cleaning requirements. The actual physical map of the experimental system is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Experimental system for laser cleaning of rail rust

Laser source information

The rust layer on the surface of the rail actually consists of two layers, one is the yellow ferritic (Fe2O3) yellow rust layer on the surface of the oxide scale, and the other layer is the deeper black rust layer. The actual object is shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 2: The yellow ferritic (Fe2O3) yellow rust layer and the deeper black rust layer on the surface of the rail oxide scale (right)

(2) Cleaning parameter selection and cleaning effect

The cleaning experiment was first performed using a YLPN-100-30*100-10-1000 laser. The specific cleaning parameter configuration selected in the experiment is shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Cleaning parameter configuration of YLPN-100-30*100-10-1000 laser

Figure 3: The YLPN-100-30*100-10-1000 laser is used to clean only the yellow rust layer on the rail surface, while the deeper black rust layer remains. In the optimized focus spot at 0.8mm, a very good cleaning effect can be achieved.

Next, we used the YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 laser for the cleaning protocol. In order to obtain a better cleaning effect, the cleaning using YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 laser is divided into two steps. The difference between these two steps is mainly because the laser power used is different, and the power of the first step is slightly larger. These are used for large-area cleaning of the rust layer; the second step is reduced in power for more precise and finer rust removal. The specific parameter configuration is shown in Table 3.

The experimental results show that after the cleaning of the two steps of high and low power, the yellow rust layer and the black rust layer on the surface of the rail are completely cleaned, and the cleaned rail is white and bright, as shown in FIG.

Table 3: Cleaning parameter configuration of YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 laser

Figure 4: Cleaning with YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 laser, the yellow rust layer and black rust layer on the rail surface are completely cleaned, and the color of the substrate body is cleaned.

Experimental results

From the experimental results, it is not difficult to see that the YLPN-100-30*100-10-1000 laser is very good for cleaning the shallow Fe2O3 yellow rust layer on the surface of the rail. It is better than using YLPN-10-30*400-20- 200 laser cleaning has higher efficiency. For cleaning deeper black rust layers, the YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 laser is a good choice.

Comprehensive cleaning efficiency, cleaning effect, etc. In order to achieve high efficiency and high quality rust layer cleaning effect, it is recommended to use two lasers together: first use large spot, low power density YLPN-100-30*100- The 10-1000 laser efficiently removes the shallow Fe2O3 yellow rust layer on the surface of the rail; and uses a small spot, high power density YLPN-10-30*400-20-200 laser to remove the deeper black rust layer.

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